{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":"The Periodontal Health Status of Invisalign Patients: A Clinical Study","metadata":[{"label":"dc.description.sponsorship","value":"This work is sponsored by the Stony Brook University Graduate School in compliance with the requirements for completion of degree"},{"label":"dc.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dc.format.medium","value":"Electronic Resource"},{"label":"dc.identifier.uri","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/78143"},{"label":"dc.language.iso","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dcterms.abstract","value":"Introduction: Approximately four million people use Invisalign worldwide. The aligners are typically worn twenty-two hours per day and are changed every two weeks. Patients can have plaque accumulation intraorally leading to inflammation and eventually causing attachment loss if unresolved. Research shows general trends of decreased periodontal status in fixed appliance patients when compared to Invisalign patients. Currently, there is a paucity of information about whether Invisalign aligners cause significant increases in gingival inflammation indicated by increases in pro-inflammatory markers and clinical presentation. Therefore, the objective is to investigate the increases in IL-8 and clinical periodontal parameters of patients treated with Invisalign over various time points for a 2-month time frame. It is hypothesized that there is increased plaque induced inflammation noted in Invisalign patients.  Methods: This pilot clinical study was executed at two investigational sites enrolling seven subjects from two locations to evaluate their periodontal health (via modified plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Additionally, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from each patient to evaluate the concentration of IL-8 by ELISA. Subjects were evaluated at specific collection time points: prior to Invisalign treatment (T0), 1 week of Invisalign treatment (T1), 2 weeks of Invisalign treatment (T2) and 2 months of Invisalign treatment (T3).  Results: Over the course of the 2-month study time frame there were increases in mean plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). However, there was an inverse relationship between seen with PD over time where there was a general reduction. Also, there are increases in IL-8 concentration noted in some patients, but not consistent for all the data to draw a definitive inference. Conclusion: Invisalign aligners may increase the likelihood of plaque deposition especially in pockets depth of 4-6 mm which can led to plaque induced gingival inflammation causing a decrease in periodontal status. Ultimately, this may lead irreversible attachment loss seen in periodontitis. A larger-scale study is necessary to yield more statistically significant results."},{"label":"dcterms.available","value":"2018-03-22T22:39:05Z"},{"label":"dcterms.contributor","value":"Walker, Stephen."},{"label":"dcterms.creator","value":"Harriott, Kerisa"},{"label":"dcterms.dateAccepted","value":"2018-03-22T22:39:05Z"},{"label":"dcterms.dateSubmitted","value":"2018-03-22T22:39:05Z"},{"label":"dcterms.description","value":"Department of Oral Biology and Pathology."},{"label":"dcterms.extent","value":"71 pg."},{"label":"dcterms.format","value":"Application/PDF"},{"label":"dcterms.identifier","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/78143"},{"label":"dcterms.issued","value":"2017-08-01"},{"label":"dcterms.language","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dcterms.provenance","value":"Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-22T22:39:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nHarriott_grad.sunysb_0771M_13420.pdf: 1851872 bytes, checksum: fab9cba470340d97fcc1ccf52daa6621 (MD5)\n  Previous issue date: 2017-08-01"},{"label":"dcterms.subject","value":"Biology"},{"label":"dcterms.title","value":"The Periodontal Health Status of Invisalign Patients: A Clinical Study"},{"label":"dcterms.type","value":"Thesis"},{"label":"dc.type","value":"Thesis"}],"description":"This manifest was generated dynamically","viewingDirection":"left-to-right","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Page 1","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/26%2F08%2F47%2F26084711208370078224507615119621418977/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","height":1650,"width":1275,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/26%2F08%2F47%2F26084711208370078224507615119621418977","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json"}]}]}]}