{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":"Dissolved Manganese in Bioturbated Marine Sediments: a Multi-Dimensional Characterization","metadata":[{"label":"dc.description.sponsorship","value":"This work is sponsored by the Stony Brook University Graduate School in compliance with the requirements for completion of degree."},{"label":"dc.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dc.format.medium","value":"Electronic Resource"},{"label":"dc.identifier.uri","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/77780"},{"label":"dc.language.iso","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dc.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.abstract","value":"Manganese is widely distributed on Earth and is essential for almost all living organisms.  It is a redox reactive metal and under natural conditions is commonly present as Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV).  In marine environments, Mn is involved in a diverse set of organic and inorganic reactions, including use by phytoplankton as a micronutrient in the photic zone, as a shield against oxygen by anaerobic microorganisms, as well as an electron acceptor during organic matter remineralization by microbes in sedimentary deposits under suboxic conditions. Thus, manganese is directly linked to carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles by participating in the formation, preservation and remineralization of organic matter, as well as in the sequestration, remobilization, and transport of trace metals. Measuring the concentrations of dissolved manganese in marine sedimentary environments is challenging. Chemical speciation of this element, adsorption and desorption processes, complexation with both organic and inorganic ligands, and physical reworking of sedimentary deposits by macrofaunal activities, generate highly complex distributional patterns for Mn in space and time, which traditional one-dimensional analytical methods fail to resolve. For this reason, this research focused on both the development and use of a planar optode, with capabilities of measuring two- and three-dimensional distributions of dissolved manganese (Mn II) in marine pore waters.  These multi-dimensional measurements provided a complement for the already available techniques to further elucidate Mn cycling and associated biogeochemical processes in the heterogeneous bioturbated zone of marine deposits. This study followed a sequential three-stages approach for developing a planar optode to measure Mn(II) and using it to characterize Mn distribution patterns in marine sedimentary deposits. The first stage involved the identification of the complex formed by the metallation reaction of 4,4\u2019,4\u2019\u2019,4\u2019\u2019-(Porphine-5,10,15, 20-tetrayl) tetrakis (benzenesulfonic acid) with cadmium (Cd-TSPP) as a suitable chemical indicator for Mn(II), and its application in a wet-chemical spectrophotometric method for the detection of Mn(II) in marine pore waters. The second stage included the development of a planar transparent optical sensor film (planar optode) that is suitable for two-dimensional measurement in marine sedimentary deposits by immobilizing Cd-TSPP in a modified polyurethane matrix.  The third stage involved the validation and use of the developed planar optode for 2- and 3-dimensional measurements of Mn(II) in marine sediments. Validation was performed by deploying membranes with  traditional 1-dimensional techniques for Mn to compare results provided by both approaches under the same conditions of sampling; while applications of the sensor included Mn(II) flux estimations across the water sediment interface and deeper sediments, as well as,  simultaneous deployment of manganese sensors with 2-dimensional planar optode for ferrous iron measurements, and basic 3-dimensional tomographic reconstructions.  This allowed the elucidation of the effect of bioturbation spatially and the visualization of the effect of changes in the overlying water oxygen regimes on Mn(II) and Fe(II) fluxes across the sediment water interface. Planar optodes are deployed during both incubation experiments and in situ, by using a submersible hyperspectral imaging system. The results of this study yielded novel information about how natural processes such as bioturbation and/or changes in oxygen regimes affect spatial and temporal distributions of dissolved species of redox sensitive metals in marine bioperturbed sediments, with consequent changes in magnitude for fluxes of the elements across the sediment-water interface. In particular, they provides an insight into how Mn(II) fluxes develop and migrate from deeper sediments to the surface under simulated hypoxic events; these incubation experiments showed how active and complex biogeochemical cycling of redox elements are in those regions and built a basis for in-situ characterizations of this phenomena in coastal areas (e.g. oxygen minimum zones). Additionally, the 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional sensing schemes developed during this work represent an expansion of our analytical capabilities, provide a new perspective for the study of redox sensitive metal cycling in marine sedimentary deposits, and open new questions about the interactions between metals and other natural processes and their contribution to the global biogeochemistry."},{"label":"dcterms.available","value":"2017-09-20T16:53:34Z"},{"label":"dcterms.contributor","value":"Scranton, Mary"},{"label":"dcterms.creator","value":"Soto Neira, Jaime Patricio"},{"label":"dcterms.dateAccepted","value":"2017-09-20T16:53:34Z"},{"label":"dcterms.dateSubmitted","value":"2017-09-20T16:53:34Z"},{"label":"dcterms.description","value":"Department of Marine and Atmospheric Science."},{"label":"dcterms.extent","value":"227 pg."},{"label":"dcterms.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dcterms.identifier","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/77780"},{"label":"dcterms.issued","value":"2015-05-01"},{"label":"dcterms.language","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dcterms.provenance","value":"Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T16:53:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nSotoNeira_grad.sunysb_0771E_12549.pdf: 4214707 bytes, checksum: 542467ad391a673e4c43f7d9931aa5c8 (MD5)\n  Previous issue date: 2015"},{"label":"dcterms.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.subject","value":"Environmental science"},{"label":"dcterms.title","value":"Dissolved Manganese in Bioturbated Marine Sediments: a Multi-Dimensional Characterization"},{"label":"dcterms.type","value":"Dissertation"},{"label":"dc.type","value":"Dissertation"}],"description":"This manifest was generated dynamically","viewingDirection":"left-to-right","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Page 1","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/91%2F61%2F61%2F91616157108895915265811981218205738855/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","height":1650,"width":1275,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/91%2F61%2F61%2F91616157108895915265811981218205738855","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json"}]}]}]}