{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":"The influence of genetic and social structure on reproduction in Phayre's leaf monkeys (<italic>Trachypithecus phayrei crepusculus</italic>)","metadata":[{"label":"dc.description.sponsorship","value":"This work is sponsored by the Stony Brook University Graduate School in compliance with the requirements for completion of degree."},{"label":"dc.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dc.format.medium","value":"Electronic Resource"},{"label":"dc.identifier.uri","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/76933"},{"label":"dc.language.iso","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dc.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.abstract","value":"Dispersal patterns, reproductive skew, and social structure have important fitness consequences for individuals. Intra-sexual competition and kinship have been suggested to directly or indirectly increase inclusive fitness. Thus individual, social, and ecological aspects may shape non-random dispersal and subsequent reproductive success. Primate studies have also shown strong support for the importance of kin interactions on dispersal decisions including contexts favoring an individual to leave to avoid inbreeding or competition and contexts favoring an individual to stay to increase fitness through cooperation. The genetic, ecological and social contexts are particularly important for female primates who also directly influence the growth, maturation, and reproduction of their offspring through nutritional and social maternal effects, particularly in early development.  Phayre's leaf monkeys (<italic>Trachypithecus phayrei crepusculus</italic>) are Asian colobine primates, which are known to exhibit frequent female dispersal, both one- and multi-male groups, linear female dominance hierarchies, and infants that are born with conspicuous natal coats. Thus, this species was ideal to investigate the influence of genetic and social structure on reproduction in a wild population from Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. The study addressed 3 main goals, including: (1) to determine how groups are genetically structured and by what means, (2) to assess what influence, if any, kinship and familiarity have on female dispersal decisions and success at reproducing, and (3) to explore if nutritional and social maternal effects promote infant development following a successful reproduction.   Using genomic DNA extracted from 384 fecal samples collected from 2002-2008, I conducted primer screening on 60 adult individuals from both novel (n=8) and established (n=49) microsatellite loci as well as genetic analyses using 141 individuals across 19 polymorphic loci to explore dispersal patterns, genetic structure and reproductive success. I then combined dispersal and genetic data to explore emigration (n=60) and immigration (n=61) events in relation to age and reproductive status, dyadic relatedness, and successful reproduction between 2001-2009. Data on maternal effects and infant development were collected on two groups from December 2004 through May 2006. I assessed the physical condition of all females, including mothers, monthly (7-point scale, 19 females). Dominance rank (high, medium, low) was based on agonistic interactions and group size was averaged for the study period. To quantify infant development, I recorded the beginning, end, and duration (n=30 measures) in conspicuous natal coat and skin coloration of 13 infants.  In relation to the first goal (Chapter 2), I found a suite of 18 highly variable markers that genotyped consistently and accurately. Allelic diversity ranged from 5-14 alleles per locus, with expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.679-0.884. The high polymorphism and exclusionary power for identifying parentage provided by this panel are useful for examining population structure, dispersal, kinship and reproductive success in the study population and can serve as a useful resource for intra- and interspecific molecular studies on other Asian leaf monkeys. Genetic analyses (Chapter 3) revealed that the population exhibited some structure, gene flow in both sexes, and same-sexed kin both within and between groups. Coupling behavioral data with genetic data reveals that females' likely mediated gene flow through natal and secondary dispersal (sometimes pregnant or with offspring), although males contributed through extra group paternities and may also leave to form new groups.   In relation to the second goal (Chapter 4), female emigration was driven by inbreeding avoidance (to avoid fathers, brothers or maturing sons) for both natal and secondary dispersers in addition to competition among breeding females. While females may enter groups containing female kin, female immigration decisions were most likely influenced by avoidance of familiar kin (males and females) and females are significantly more successful at reproducing in groups with unfamiliar female kin. The results indicate that kin avoidance may also confer fitness benefits, especially in female dispersal species.  In relation to the third goal (Chapter 5), I found variation in female nutritional condition that was improved with rank, although all mother's physical conditions steadily declined after birth. There was also considerable variation in infant development (e.g., total color change differed by 21 weeks) with changes in skin and coat color primarily depending on nutritional (mother's nutritional condition) but also social (group size) maternal effects. Thus, results indicate that Phayre's infants and mothers may benefit from a good maternal nutritional condition (and possibly high rank), positively influencing speed of infant development and potentially growth, which may ultimately increase female reproductive success."},{"label":"dcterms.available","value":"2017-09-20T16:51:28Z"},{"label":"dcterms.contributor","value":"Disotell, Todd."},{"label":"dcterms.creator","value":"Larney, Eileen"},{"label":"dcterms.dateAccepted","value":"2017-09-20T16:51:28Z"},{"label":"dcterms.dateSubmitted","value":"2017-09-20T16:51:28Z"},{"label":"dcterms.description","value":"Department of Anthropology."},{"label":"dcterms.extent","value":"412 pg."},{"label":"dcterms.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dcterms.identifier","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/76933"},{"label":"dcterms.issued","value":"2015-08-01"},{"label":"dcterms.language","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dcterms.provenance","value":"Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T16:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nLarney_grad.sunysb_0771E_11669.pdf: 12447769 bytes, checksum: 0cee2856cd9a0d4129019498c64a3530 (MD5)\n  Previous issue date: 2013"},{"label":"dcterms.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.subject","value":"Physical anthropology"},{"label":"dcterms.title","value":"The influence of genetic and social structure on reproduction in Phayre's leaf monkeys (<italic>Trachypithecus phayrei crepusculus</italic>)"},{"label":"dcterms.type","value":"Dissertation"},{"label":"dc.type","value":"Dissertation"}],"description":"This manifest was generated dynamically","viewingDirection":"left-to-right","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Page 1","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/18%2F44%2F35%2F184435059708012650115436411028239755/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","height":1650,"width":1275,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/18%2F44%2F35%2F184435059708012650115436411028239755","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json"}]}]}]}