{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":"Catalytic Upgrading of Pyrolysis Oil to Transportation Fuels","metadata":[{"label":"dc.description.sponsorship","value":"This work is sponsored by the Stony Brook University Graduate School in compliance with the requirements for completion of degree."},{"label":"dc.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dc.format.medium","value":"Electronic Resource"},{"label":"dc.identifier.uri","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/76334"},{"label":"dc.language.iso","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dc.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.abstract","value":"Increasing fossil fuel prices and the demand for clean energy have accelerated research on renewable energy sources. Pyrolysis oil (also known as bio-oil) which can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass by a fast pyrolysis process has the potential to substitute for petroleum-derived transportation fuels. However, pyrolysis oil has lower energy density (15-19 MJ/kg), compared with petroleum (40 MJ/kg) due to the high oxygen content (30-60 wt %). Furthermore, pyrolysis oil is thermally unstable that tends to age and results in phase separation at room temperature. Therefore, upgrading of pyrolysis oil is necessary before it can be used as a transportation fuel.        Hydrotreating is an effective option to upgrade pyrolysis oil to generate hydrocarbons. However, the conventional process requires elevated temperatures and pressure of H2 to ensure a high level of deoxygenation. At high temperatures, coke formation by polymerization of hydroxyphenols or methoxyphenols in pyrolysis oil has been observed as the main factor affecting the stability of the catalysts. In addition, catalytic upgrading under a high temperature increased the carbon loss to CO2 and CH4. Thus, a more economical method is needed.       Our efforts to carry out hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) at relatively mild conditions to produce alcohols and hydrocarbon fuels over various supported catalysts are reported here. Different solvents have been tried to ease the problems of high viscosity and thermal instability of pyrolysis oil, clogging of reactors, considerable coking, and catalyst deactivation.  The highest gas yield of HDO of pyrolysis oil was 21.1 NL/kg and the gas phase generated during upgrading had 70-85% CO2, which indicated that the oxygen in the pyrolysis oil was successfully removed. Acetic acid content decreased from 3.85 wt% to below 0.01 wt% after HDO. FT-IR data reveals that alcohols tend to be produced at lower temperatures and alkene C=C stretching vibration was found in the IR data of the upgraded pyrolysis oil showing that hydrocarbons were produced during HDO. The main products included up to 16.1% alcohols, 3.8% cyclic compounds, 21.2% hydrocarbons and 35.7% phenolics. Alcohols production can be used as gasoline additive to increase its octane number. Hydrocarbons production mainly contained C15-C16 hydrocarbons that fall in diesel carbon range. Our results successfully demonstrate a potential method for upgrading pyrolysis oil into transportation fuel under mild conditions."},{"label":"dcterms.available","value":"2017-09-20T16:50:03Z"},{"label":"dcterms.contributor","value":"Krishna, C. R"},{"label":"dcterms.creator","value":"Nan, Wei"},{"label":"dcterms.dateAccepted","value":"2017-09-20T16:50:03Z"},{"label":"dcterms.dateSubmitted","value":"2017-09-20T16:50:03Z"},{"label":"dcterms.description","value":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering."},{"label":"dcterms.extent","value":"119 pg."},{"label":"dcterms.format","value":"Application/PDF"},{"label":"dcterms.identifier","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/76334"},{"label":"dcterms.issued","value":"2014-12-01"},{"label":"dcterms.language","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dcterms.provenance","value":"Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T16:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nNan_grad.sunysb_0771E_12173.pdf: 3110460 bytes, checksum: 6f3c14abba874d1ecf07fa2957d7173f (MD5)\n  Previous issue date:    1"},{"label":"dcterms.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.subject","value":"Materials Science"},{"label":"dcterms.title","value":"Catalytic Upgrading of Pyrolysis Oil to Transportation Fuels"},{"label":"dcterms.type","value":"Dissertation"},{"label":"dc.type","value":"Dissertation"}],"description":"This manifest was generated dynamically","viewingDirection":"left-to-right","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Page 1","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/97%2F91%2F43%2F9791434270838647113036465835581390951/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","height":1650,"width":1275,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/97%2F91%2F43%2F9791434270838647113036465835581390951","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json"}]}]}]}