{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":"The effects of self-expansion in relationships on nicotine craving in deprived smokers: fMRI and behavioral evidence","metadata":[{"label":"dc.description.sponsorship","value":"This work is sponsored by the Stony Brook University Graduate School in compliance with the requirements for completion of degree."},{"label":"dc.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dc.format.medium","value":"Electronic Resource"},{"label":"dc.identifier.uri","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/1951/56160"},{"label":"dc.language.iso","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dc.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.abstract","value":"fMRI studies have found that brain areas associated with the reward of relationship self-expansion are also the same areas that are associated with the reward of smoking cigarettes (Aron et al., 2005; Ikemoto et al., 2006; Xu et al., 2011).  This raises the possibility that one reward may be able to substitute for another, and that self-expansion may be able to aid in smoking abstinence and cessation.  One recent study found that successful quitters experienced significantly more self-expanding experiences (both in and out of the relationships context) immediately prior to their quitting, and even unsuccessful quitters were able to abstain longer as a function of how many self-expanding experiences they had prior to their quit attempt (Xu, Floyd, Westmaas, & Aron, 2010).   The current studies build upon the idea of replacement by experimentally manipulating self-expansion and using fMRI to investigate whether craving attenuation is the mechanism behind this effect.  In Study 1, smokers who were in a new romantic relationship abstained from smoking overnight and then viewed pairs of photographs in the scanner.  Each pair consisted of one headshot and one object image.  Headshots were either self-expanding (an image of their romantic partner) or not self-expanding (images of a friend or neutral acquaintance).  Object images were either a pencil (control) or a cigarette (craving cue).  When smokers viewed cigarette images alongside a photo of their partner, they exhibited less activation of areas in the brain associated with craving than when the cigarette image was alongside the non self-expanding photos.  In Study 2, smokers in long-term relationships (at least 2 years) abstained from smoking overnight and then, while in the scanner, played a series of cooperative two-player games with their partner.  Games were randomized to be either self-expanding (novel, exciting, and challenging) or merely pleasant but not self-expanding, and some versions of the games contained smoking cues.  Smokers showed less craving area activations when viewing smoking cues during self-expanding games as opposed to non self-expanding games.  These studies provide evidence that self-expansion rewards can undermine craving for cigarettes in smokers.  Implications for interventions and future studies are discussed."},{"label":"dcterms.available","value":"2012-05-17T12:23:29Z"},{"label":"dcterms.contributor","value":"Arthur Aron."},{"label":"dcterms.creator","value":"Xu, Xiaomeng"},{"label":"dcterms.dateAccepted","value":"2015-04-24T14:48:57Z"},{"label":"dcterms.dateSubmitted","value":"2015-04-24T14:48:57Z"},{"label":"dcterms.description","value":"Department of Social/Health Psychology"},{"label":"dcterms.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dcterms.identifier","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/71743"},{"label":"dcterms.issued","value":"2011-08-01"},{"label":"dcterms.language","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dcterms.provenance","value":"Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-24T14:48:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3\nXu_grad.sunysb_0771E_10450.pdf.jpg: 1894 bytes, checksum: a6009c46e6ec8251b348085684cba80d (MD5)\nXu_grad.sunysb_0771E_10450.pdf: 5612749 bytes, checksum: e7ff293c4602251eea178bd2f5f1eae0 (MD5)\nXu_grad.sunysb_0771E_10450.pdf.txt: 190101 bytes, checksum: 38cfc7f45c117f347c8258a47533cd72 (MD5)\n  Previous issue date:    1"},{"label":"dcterms.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.subject","value":"craving, fMRI, nicotine, relationships, self-expansion, smoking"},{"label":"dcterms.title","value":"The effects of self-expansion in relationships on nicotine craving in deprived smokers: fMRI and behavioral evidence"},{"label":"dcterms.type","value":"Dissertation"},{"label":"dc.type","value":"Dissertation"}],"description":"This manifest was generated dynamically","viewingDirection":"left-to-right","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Page 1","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/14%2F67%2F11%2F146711918882406333107433415323250884393/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","height":1650,"width":1275,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/14%2F67%2F11%2F146711918882406333107433415323250884393","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json"}]}]}]}