{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":"A Reconsideration of Labor Supply of Immigrants and Social Welfare Programs","metadata":[{"label":"dc.description.sponsorship","value":"This work is sponsored by the Stony Brook University Graduate School in compliance with the requirements for completion of degree."},{"label":"dc.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dc.format.medium","value":"Electronic Resource"},{"label":"dc.identifier.uri","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/77436"},{"label":"dc.language.iso","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dc.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.abstract","value":"This dissertation contributes to the discussion of the labor market performance of immigrants and their economic assimilation in terms of welfare program participation. The composition of immigrant labor force in U.S. has been fluctuating dramatically. In 1980, for example, the immigrant share of persons aged 50--74 was 8.9% but in 2000, more than 14.5% of this older population group were from foreign countries. Then in 2010, this proportion dropped to around 13.2%. Part of this variation is due to the aging of previous immigrants residing in U.S. but many recent inflows also include a surprisingly high proportion of people in their late 50s or even older. In the meantime since the elimination of origin-quota in immigration laws in 1965, the source countries with the major inflows of immigrants have shifted from predominantly European countries to non-European origins. Since the 1980's, more than 85% of the immigrants admitted to the US have come from Asian and Latin American countries with Mexico, Philippines, China, and India consistently sending the most number of immigrants. The variations in the general demographic characteristics of recent immigrants have an in-depth impact on the labor market experience of the recent arrival cohorts. Thus in the empirical analysis I focus on the labor force participation of recent elderly entrants and the welfare participation behaviors of immigrants from both Hispanic and Asian origins and especially the countries like Mexico, Cuba, China and Philippines. This dissertation includes two chapters. In the first chapter, using the 1980--2000 Census and 2010 American Community Survey data I examine the labor supply decisions of recent immigrant cohorts near retirement ages. The analysis extends the double-cohort method to reveal that there are cohort effects not only in the rate of labor market assimilation, with elderly newcomers working harder approaching retirement ages than those who entered as young workers, but also in the entry labor market participation, with post-1990 arrivals showing less incentive to contribute to the pay-as-you-go system. Our empirical analysis also shows that the ten-year working requirement rule can explain the kink on older entrants' employment profiles: before reaching the required 40 quarters the elderly exert efforts in labor market participation, and they choose to drop out of the labor market immediately after they become eligible to claim the Social Security Old Age benefits. The immigrants who entered in their prime ages pursue a slightly higher but same smoothly declining employment profile approaching retirement ages as their native counterparts do. Furthermore the inclusion of the ownership of residence accounts for more than one third of the decline in the entry level of labor force participation for the post-1990 arrivals. In the second chapter, I use the 2000 U.S. Census and the 2010 American Community Survey extracted from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) to study the economic assimilation of recent immigrants in terms of welfare participation. By adding the interaction between duration of stay and specific arrival cohort indicator, we generalize the traditional Age, Period and Cohort method to allow for the cohort difference not only in the entry level but also in the growth rate in economic assimilation. Estimations are carried out on female and male household heads separately. The welfare participation in Social Security, Supplemental Security Income(SSI) and The Aid to Families with Dependent Children Program (AFDC)/Temporary Assistance for Needy Families(TANF) programs are analyzed exclusively. Four major source countries of recent arrivals studied are Mexico, Cuba, China and Philippines. The major findings of this study are: first, consistent with previous studies, once observable characteristics are controlled for, many groups of immigrants have a comparable or lower propensity to participate in welfare programs than natives with one exception of the elderly female Mexican household heads migrated before 1980s. Second, the Cuban immigrants exceed other source countries in terms of the pace to assimilate out of welfare programs. The longer a Cuban headed household stays in the U.S., the less likely for the whole household to participate in any type of social assistance programs. This trend is statistically significant for both male and female Cuban household heads. Third, The Aid to Families with Dependent Children Program (AFDC)/Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) works better than Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program in terms of promoting self sufficiency. Immigrants from all four source countries are more likely to assimilate out of AFDC/TANF programs than out of SSI(with an exception of the Mexican female heads migrated before 1980). A number of new immigration legislations and welfare program implementations have been proposed to promote the self sufficiency of immigrants in the new era."},{"label":"dcterms.available","value":"2017-09-20T16:52:41Z"},{"label":"dcterms.contributor","value":"Benitez-Silva, Hugo A."},{"label":"dcterms.creator","value":"Zhang, Yi"},{"label":"dcterms.dateAccepted","value":"2017-09-20T16:52:41Z"},{"label":"dcterms.dateSubmitted","value":"2017-09-20T16:52:41Z"},{"label":"dcterms.description","value":"Department of Economics."},{"label":"dcterms.extent","value":"98 pg."},{"label":"dcterms.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dcterms.identifier","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/77436"},{"label":"dcterms.issued","value":"2014-12-01"},{"label":"dcterms.language","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dcterms.provenance","value":"Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T16:52:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nZhang_grad.sunysb_0771E_11936.pdf: 523044 bytes, checksum: 277e4548739392e1876f1fe3d19a5fef (MD5)\n  Previous issue date:    1"},{"label":"dcterms.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.subject","value":"Immigrants, Labor Force Participation, Labor Supply, Social Security, Welfare Program Participation"},{"label":"dcterms.title","value":"A Reconsideration of Labor Supply of Immigrants and Social Welfare Programs"},{"label":"dcterms.type","value":"Dissertation"},{"label":"dc.type","value":"Dissertation"}],"description":"This manifest was generated dynamically","viewingDirection":"left-to-right","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Page 1","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/43%2F51%2F73%2F43517390253833186538258673542741889025/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","height":1650,"width":1275,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/43%2F51%2F73%2F43517390253833186538258673542741889025","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json"}]}]}]}