{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":"Androginopolis: Dissident Masculinities and the Creation \nof Republican Peru (Lima, 1790-1850)","metadata":[{"label":"dc.description.sponsorship","value":"This work is sponsored by the Stony Brook University Graduate School in compliance with the requirements for completion of degree."},{"label":"dc.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dc.format.medium","value":"Electronic Resource"},{"label":"dc.identifier.uri","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/11401/71138"},{"label":"dc.language.iso","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dc.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.abstract","value":"This dissertation argues the \nrepresentation of Lima as a city full of dissident masculinities was the \ntransformative force behind the changes in hegemonic masculinity, during \nPeru's turbulent transition from Spanish colony to independent \nrepublic. Throughout the late colonial period (1790-1820), the sources \nof effeminacy and feebleness among Lime??o men were profusely discussed \nin Enlightenment newspapers, pamphlets, travel writing, and criminal \nrecords. Two causes were often attributed: the leniency mothers showed \nin male child-rearing, and European theories of climatic determinism \npositing the unavoidable influence of climate over the masculinity of \nthe American peoples. A late eighteenth-century satire mocked the \nabundance of maricones in Lima, naming it Androginopolis. Displacing the \nuse of the term 'sodomite,' which referred to a sexual \npractice, 'maricones' was repeatedly used to complain \nagainst male cross-dressers, who participated openly in social life \nseeking the attention of other men.  Beyond the representations of \ndissident masculinities (effeminates, petimetres/fops, and maricones), \nthis dissertation explores the everyday life and sociability of men who \npursued their attraction for other men. The anxieties stirred by \ndissident masculinities in colonial aristocratic society gradually faded \naway with the rise of new hegemonic masculinities. During the 1820s, the \nLiberators San Mart?\u00c1n and Bol?\u00c1var produced an imagery of heroic \nmasculinities that associated virility with military performance. Such \nmasculinities contributed to the independent propaganda effort and were \nessential in the shift from aristocratic to caudillo hegemonic \nmasculinity. They served as exemplars for many of the caudillos across \nsubsequent decades. During the caudillo power struggles in early \nRepublican Peru (1820-1850), men of diverse political or military \nbackground argued their deeds were meant to defend the fatherland and \nprotect their children, thereby appealing to the two essential elements \nin the hegemonic caudillo masculinity. By the time Peru finally attained \npolitical and economic stability during the mid-1850s, the caudillo \nmasculinity had been superseded by a new, fatherhood-centered \nmasculinity. The subculture of maricones disappeared from public eye. \nHegemonic masculinity gradually adapted to bourgeois gender values, \nthereby exalting the father's capacity as breadwinner, and his \nability to discipline, and offer moral guidance to, his household and \nprogeny."},{"label":"dcterms.available","value":"2015-04-24T14:46:08Z"},{"label":"dcterms.contributor","value":"Gootenberg, Paul"},{"label":"dcterms.creator","value":"Alegre Henderson, Magally"},{"label":"dcterms.dateAccepted","value":"2015-04-24T14:46:08Z"},{"label":"dcterms.dateSubmitted","value":"2013-05-22T17:34:04Z"},{"label":"dcterms.description","value":"Department of History"},{"label":"dcterms.extent","value":"319 pg."},{"label":"dcterms.format","value":"Monograph"},{"label":"dcterms.identifier","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/1951/59563"},{"label":"dcterms.issued","value":"2012-05-01"},{"label":"dcterms.language","value":"en_US"},{"label":"dcterms.provenance","value":"Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-22T17:34:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nAlegreHenderson_grad.sunysb_0771E_10919.pdf: 22173662 bytes, checksum: ebdb0a98c1be81eaac7bd607c5b91697 (MD5)\n  Previous issue date:    1"},{"label":"dcterms.publisher","value":"The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY."},{"label":"dcterms.subject","value":"Latin American \nhistory"},{"label":"dcterms.title","value":"Androginopolis: Dissident Masculinities and the Creation \nof Republican Peru (Lima, 1790-1850)"},{"label":"dcterms.type","value":"Dissertation"},{"label":"dc.type","value":"Dissertation"}],"description":"This manifest was generated dynamically","viewingDirection":"left-to-right","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Page 1","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/12%2F65%2F62%2F126562299354225483915766352340371486526/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","height":1650,"width":1275,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/12%2F65%2F62%2F126562299354225483915766352340371486526","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"https://repo.library.stonybrook.edu/cantaloupe/iiif/2/canvas/page-1.json"}]}]}]}